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Zhytomyr Oblast

Coordinates: 50°39′N 28°31′E / 50.65°N 28.52°E / 50.65; 28.52
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Zhytomyr Oblast
Житомирська область
Oblast
Zhytomyrska oblast[1]
Flag of Zhytomyr Oblast
Flag
Coat of arms of Zhytomyr Oblast
Coat of arms
Nickname: 
Житомирщина (Zhytomyrshchyna)
Coordinates: 50°39′N 28°31′E / 50.65°N 28.52°E / 50.65; 28.52
Country Ukraine
Administrative centerZhytomyr
Government
 • GovernorVitaliy Bunechko[2]
 • Oblast council64[3] seats
 • ChairpersonVolodymyr Fedorenko
Area
 • Total
29,832 km2 (11,518 sq mi)
 • RankRanked 5th
Population
 (2022)[4]
 • Total
Decrease 1,179,032
 • RankRanked 16th
GDP
[5]
 • Total₴ 114 billion
(€3.0 billion)
 • Per capita₴ 95,948
(€2,500)
Time zoneUTC+2 (EET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+3 (EEST)
Postal code
from 10 to 13
Area code+380-41
ISO 3166 codeUA-18
Raions4
Cities (total)11
• Regional cities5
Urban-type settlements43
Villages1625
HDI (2022)0.737[6]
high
FIPS 10-4UP27
NUTS statistical regions of UkraineUA82
Websiteoda.zht.gov.ua
"Volga Blue Granite" (anorthosite), a popular decorative stone quarried between the cities of Korosten and Zhytomyr, central Zhytomyr Oblast

Zhytomyr Oblast (Ukrainian: Житомирська область, romanized: Zhytomyrska oblast), also referred to as Zhytomyrshchyna (Ukrainian: Житомирщина), is an oblast (province) in northwestern Ukraine. The administrative center of the oblast is the city of Zhytomyr. Its population is approximately 1,179,032 (2022 estimate).[4]

History

[edit]
Flag of Zhytomyr Oblast, used for a short period between 2002-2003.[7]

The oblast was created as part of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic on September 22, 1937, out of territories of Vinnytsia and Kyiv oblasts as well as two border okrugs of Kyiv Oblast – Korosten Okrug and Novohrad-Volynsky Okrug.

The oblast covers territories of the historic regions of Polesia, Volhynia, and Podolia, which are reflected on the oblast's coat of arms.

Before the 18th century the bigger half of the oblast belonged to the Kyiv Voivodeship (Polish: Kijów), while the smaller western half around the city of Zviahel belonged to the Volyn Voivodeship. Following the treaty of Andrusovo, the city of Zhytomyr (Polish: Zytomierz) continued to act as an administrative center of the Kyiv Voivodeship.

Following the second partition of Poland, on the newly annexed territory was formed oversized Izyaslav Vice-royalty (Russian: namestnichestvo) which included former Polish territories in Volhynia, Podolia, and Kyiv land and centered in Izyaslav. However a couple of years later the Russian Empire annexed more territories of the Polish Kingdom during the third partition of Poland contributing to the complete disappearance of the Polish statehood. The Izyaslav Vice-royalty was reformed and the territory of today's Zhytomyr Oblast predominantly ended up in the Russian Volhynian Governorate and the city of Zviahel which was renamed as Novohrad-Volynskyi (Russian: Novograd-Volynskiy) became its administrative center. Later the administrative center was transferred to the bigger city of Zhytomyr (Russian: Zhitomir).

During the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine Russian troops partly occupied the region.[8] They were completely repulsed when the Narodychi settlement hromada [be; uk] (where Russian forces had been dug in from the opening of the offensive in late February 2022) was declared liberated on 4 April 2022.[8]

Geography

[edit]

The total area of Zhytomyr Oblast is 29,832 km2 (11,518 sq mi).

Among the points of interest it is important to mention the following sites that were nominated for the Seven Wonders of Ukraine:

The Museum of Ukrainian home icons, which is the only one in Europe, is situated in Zhytomyr Oblast. It is located in Radomyshl, a small town, about 90 km (56 mi) away from Kyiv. The museum is the part of the Radomysl Castle historical and cultural complex. It was founded by Olga Bogomolets.[9]

Population

[edit]

The current estimated population of the oblast is 1,268,903 (as of 2013).

According to the 2001 Ukrainian census, ethnic Ukrainians accounted for 90.3% of the population of Zhytomyr Oblast, ethnic Russians for 5.0%, and ethnic Poles for 3.5%.[10][11]

The current estimated population of the oblast is 1,268,903 (as of 2013).

Language

[edit]
See also: Languages of Ukraine
According to the 2001 Ukrainian census, Ukrainian was the native language for over 93% of Zhytomyr Oblast’s population: it was the dominant language in all of the city, town, and village councils of the oblast.

Due to the Russification of Ukraine during the Soviet era, the share of Ukrainian speakers in the population of Zhytomyr Oblast gradually decreased between the 1970 and 1989 censuses, while the share of Russian speakers increased.[12] Native language of the population of Zhytomyr Oblast according to the results of population censuses:[13][14][15][16][17][18]

1959 1970 1989 2001
Ukrainian 83.2% 89.6% 87.2% 93.0%
Russian 8.9% 9.4% 12.0% 6.6%
Other 7.9% 1.0% 0.8% 0.4%

Native language of the population of the raions and cities of Zhytomyr Oblast according to the 2001 Ukrainian census:[19]

Ukrainian Russian
Zhytomyr Oblast 93.0 6.6
City of Zhytomyr 83.2% 16.3%
City of Berdychiv 89.0% 10.6%
City of Korosten 86.7% 12.7%
City of Novohrad-Volynskyi 89.4% 10.0%
Andrushivka Raion 97.7% 2.0%
Baranivka Raion 98.5% 1.3%
Berdychiv Raion
(in pre-2020 borders)		 98.0% 1.8%
Brusyliv Raion 97.0% 2.7%
Khoroshiv Raion 96.2% 3.5%
Romaniv Raion 98.1% 1.6%
Yemilchyne Raion 98.4% 1.5%
Zhytomyr Raion
(in pre-2020 borders)		 93.6% 6.1%
Korosten Raion
(in pre-2020 borders)		 97.8% 1.7%
Korostyshiv Raion 94.8% 4.9%
Luhyny Raion 98.3% 1.4%
Liubar Raion 98.8% 1.1%
Malyn Raion 96.3% 3.2%
Narodychi Raion 97.1% 1.8%
Novohrad-Volynskyi Raion
(in pre-2020 borders)		 98.5% 1.4%
Ovruch Raion 95.9% 3.5%
Olevsk Raion 98.2% 1.3%
Popilnia Raion 97.3% 2.1%
Radomyshl Raion 97.2% 2.5%
Ruzhyn Raion 98.7% 1.1%
Pulyny Raion 98.3% 1.5%
Cherniakhiv Raion 98.6% 1.3%
Chudniv Raion 97.8% 2.0%

Ukrainian is the only official language on the whole territory of Zhytomyr Oblast.[20]

On 20 December 2018, a moratorium on the public use of Russian-language cultural products was imposed in Zhytomyr Oblast by a decision of the Zhytomyr Oblast Council.[21]

According to a poll conducted by Rating from 16 November to 10 December 2018 as part of the project «Portraits of Regions», 74% of the residents of Zhytomyr Oblast believed that the Ukrainian language should be the only state language on the entire territory of Ukraine. 14% believed that Ukrainian should be the only state language, while Russian should be the second official language in some regions of the country. 9% believed that Russian should become the second state language of the country. 3% found it difficult to answer.[22]

On 18 November 2022, Zhytomyr Oblast Military Administration approved the «Oblast programme for the development of the Ukrainian language in all spheres of public life in Zhytomyr Oblast for 2022—2025», the main objective of which is to strengthen the positions of the Ukrainian language in various spheres of public life in the oblast.[23]

According to the research of the Content Analysis Centre, conducted from 15 August to 15 September 2024, the topic of which was the ratio of Ukrainian and Russian languages in the Ukrainian segment of social media, 84.0% of posts from Zhytomyr Oblast were written in Ukrainian (76.1% in 2023, 73.5% in 2022, 24.6% in 2020), while 16.0% were written in Russian (23.9% in 2023, 26.5% in 2022, 75.4% in 2020).[24][25]

After Ukraine declared independence in 1991, Zhytomyr Oblast, as well as Ukraine as a whole, experienced a gradual Ukrainization of the education system, which had been Russified[26] during the Soviet era. Dynamics of the ratio of the languages of instruction in general secondary education institutions in Zhytomyr Oblast:[27][28][29][30][31][32][33]

Language of instruction,
% of pupils		 1991—
1992		 1992—
1993		 1993—
1994		 1994—
1995		 1995—
1996		 2000—
2001		 2005—
2006		 2007—
2008		 2010—
2011		 2012—
2013		 2015—
2016		 2018—
2019		 2021—
2022		 2022—
2023
Ukrainian 76.7% 79.1% 82.7% 85.1% 86.0% 96.0% 99.0% 99.0% 99.0% 99.0% 99.5% 99.7% 100.0% 100.0%
Russian 23.3% 20.9% 17.2% 14.9% 14.0% 4.0% 1.0% 1.0% 1.0% 1.0% 0.5% 0.3% — —

According to the State Statistics Service of Ukraine, in the 2023—2024 school year, all 133,037 pupils in general secondary education institutions in Zhytomyr Oblast were studying in classes where Ukrainian was the language of instruction.[34]

Age structure

[edit]
0-14 years: 15.8% Increase (male 103,194/female 97,617)
15-64 years: 68.1% Decrease (male 420,285/female 444,803)
65 years and over: 16.1% Decrease (male 65,301/female 138,472) (2013 official)

Median age

[edit]
total: 39.4 years Increase
male: 36.1 years Increase
female: 42.6 years Increase (2013 official)

Economy

[edit]

The economy of Zhytomyr Oblast mostly deals with mining of granite and other construction stone, forestry, agriculture and various machinery manufacturing.

The northern part of the province is highly affected by the Chernobyl disaster: some of the towns and raions are devastated and are included in the Chernobyl zone, while others are prohibited from producing their own agriculture.

Administrative divisions

[edit]
Main article: Administrative divisions of Zhytomyr Oblast

Zhytomyr Oblast is subdivided into 4 raions (districts).

The districts of Zhytomyr oblast include:

Important cities and settlements

[edit]
Detailed map of Zhytomyr Oblast.

List of biggest populated places of Zhytomyr Oblast with population in thousands:

Nomenclature

[edit]
See also: Romanization of Ukrainian

Most of Ukraine's oblasts are named after their capital cities, officially referred to as "oblast centers" (Ukrainian: обласний центр, translit. oblasnyi tsentr). The name of each oblast is a relative adjective, formed by adding a feminine suffix to the name of respective center city: Zhytomyr is the center of the Zhytomyrs'ka oblast' (Zhytomyr Oblast). Most oblasts are also sometimes referred to in a feminine noun form, following the convention of traditional regional place names, ending with the suffix "-shchyna", as is the case with Zhytomyr Oblast, Zhytomyrshchyna.

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Syvak, Nina; Ponomarenko, Valerii; Khodzinska, Olha; Lakeichuk, Iryna (2011). Veklych, Lesia (ed.). Toponymic Guidelines for Map and Other Editors for International Use (PDF). scientific consultant Iryna Rudenko; reviewed by Nataliia Kizilowa; translated by Olha Khodzinska. Kyiv: DerzhHeoKadastr and Kartographia. p. 20. ISBN 978-966-475-839-7. Retrieved 2020-10-06 – via United Nations Statistics Division.
  2. ^ Volodymyr Zelenskyy introduced new Zhytomyr RSA Head Vitaliy Bunechko Office of the President of Ukraine (12 August 2019)
  3. ^ "Офіційний вебсайт Житомирської обласної ради 8 скликання — Депутатський корпус". zt.gov.ua.
  4. ^ a b Чисельність наявного населення України на 1 січня 2022 [Number of Present Population of Ukraine, as of January 1, 2022] (PDF) (in Ukrainian and English). Kyiv: State Statistics Service of Ukraine. Archived (PDF) from the original on 4 July 2022.
  5. ^ "Валовии регіональнии продукт".
  6. ^ "Sub-national HDI - Area Database - Global Data Lab". hdi.globaldatalab.org.
  7. ^ "Zhytomyr Oblast". Vexillographia. Retrieved 17 September 2024.
  8. ^ a b (in Ukrainian) Zhytomyr region is liberated from Russian troops - the head of the Regional Military administration, Ukrayinska Pravda (4 April 2022)
  9. ^ Богомолець. О. "Замок-музей Радомисль на Шляху Королів Via Regia". — Київ, 2013
  10. ^ (in Ukrainian) Етнічний склад населення України, 2001 рік
  11. ^ Банк даних, перепис 2001 року
  12. ^ "Динамика численности этнических украинцев в УССР: на основе итогов Всесоюзных переписей населения 1959 г., 1970 г. и 1979 г." (in Russian). Archived from the original on 2024-06-29. Retrieved 2024-08-03.
  13. ^ Итоги Всесоюзной переписи населения 1959 года: Украинская ССР, стр. 168—193
  14. ^ Численность и состав населения СССР: по данным Всесоюзной переписи населения 1979 года. Центральное статистическое управление СССР, 1984
  15. ^ Чорний С. Національний склад населення України в ХХ сторіччі (2001)
  16. ^ Итоги Всесоюзной переписи населения 1970 года. Том IV — М., Статистика, 1973
  17. ^ "Всеукраїнський перепис населення 2001. Розподіл населення за національністю та рідною мовою" (in Ukrainian). Archived from the original on 2019-10-24. Retrieved 2014-08-21.
  18. ^ "Перепис 1989. Розподіл населення за національністю та рідною мовою (0,1)". Archived from the original on 2020-10-29. Retrieved 2022-03-19.
  19. ^ "Розподіл населення за національністю та рідною мовою, Житомирська область". Archived from the original on 2024-04-03. Retrieved 2024-04-03.
  20. ^ "Про забезпечення функціонування української мови як державної" (in Ukrainian). Archived from the original on 2020-05-02. Retrieved 2020-03-25.
  21. ^ "Влада Житомирської області наклала мораторій на російськомовний культурний продукт" (in Ukrainian). Radio Liberty. Archived from the original on 2024-04-10. Retrieved 2024-04-10.
  22. ^ "«ПОРТРЕТИ РЕГІОНІВ»: ПІДСУМКИ. Зведені дані, порівняльний аналіз між областями" (PDF) (in Ukrainian). Рейтинг. 2018-12-26.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  23. ^ "Oбласна програма розвитку української мови в усіх сферах суспільного життя Житомирської області на 2022—2025 роки" (PDF) (in Ukrainian). Житомирська обласна військова адміністрація. 2022-11-18.
  24. ^ "Частка дописів українською мовою в соцмережах зросла до 56 %, — Центр контент-аналізу" (in Ukrainian). 2024-10-28.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  25. ^ ""Радикальний прогрес". У соцмережах української стало набагато більше, — дослідження" (in Ukrainian). Archived from the original on 2023-12-11. Retrieved 2023-12-11.
  26. ^ Barbara A. Anderson and Brian D. Silver, "Equality, Efficiency, and Politics in Soviet Bilingual Education Policy, 1934-1980," American Political Science Review 78 (December 1984): 1019-1039.
  27. ^ «Статистичний щорічник України за 1998 рік» — К., 1999. "Джерело". pics.livejournal.com. Retrieved 2024-12-26.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  28. ^ "Збірник «Статистичний щорічник України» за 2008 рік" (in Ukrainian). Державна служба статистики України. Archived from the original on 2022-04-08. Retrieved 2024-08-10.
  29. ^ "Збірник «Статистичний щорічник України» за 2012 рік" (in Ukrainian). Державна служба статистики України. Archived from the original on 2024-08-07. Retrieved 2024-08-10.
  30. ^ "Збірник «Статистичний щорічник України» за 2018 рік" (PDF) (in Ukrainian). Державна служба статистики України. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2024-08-03. Retrieved 2024-08-10.
  31. ^ "Загальна середня освіта в Україні у 2021 році". www.ukrstat.gov.ua (in Ukrainian). Archived from the original on 2024-07-07. Retrieved 2024-07-07. {{cite web}}: More than one of |lang= and |language= specified (help) — "Сайт Державної служби статистики України". www.ukrstat.gov.ua (in Ukrainian). Archived from the original on 2024-06-04. Retrieved 2024-06-04.
  32. ^ "Загальна середня освіта в Україні у 2022 році". www.ukrstat.gov.ua (in Ukrainian). Archived from the original on 2024-06-26. Retrieved 2024-06-26. {{cite web}}: More than one of |lang= and |language= specified (help) — "Сайт Державної служби статистики України". www.ukrstat.gov.ua (in Ukrainian). Archived from the original on 2024-06-04. Retrieved 2024-06-04.
  33. ^ "Збірник «Статистичний щорічник України» за 2022 рік" (PDF) (in Ukrainian). Державна служба статистики України. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2024-08-07. Retrieved 2024-08-10.
  34. ^ "Загальна середня освіта в Україні у 2023 році". www.ukrstat.gov.ua (in Ukrainian). Archived from the original on 2024-06-01. Retrieved 2024-06-01. — "Сайт Державної служби статистики України". www.ukrstat.gov.ua (in Ukrainian). Archived from the original on 2024-06-04. Retrieved 2024-06-04.
  35. ^ Чисельність наявного населення України на 1 січня 2022 — Державна служба статистики України
[edit]
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